Please read Nelson et al. (2003)'s Chapter 18 in Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology. This chapter presents the theory and development of the FASTMECH model you have been using in MDSWMS/IRIC. Come prepared on Tuesday to discuss the chapter and attempt to relate it to the modeling you've been doing in lab.

Nelson JM, Bennett JP and Wiele SM. 2003. Flow and sediment transport modeling. Kondolph M and Piegay H (Eds), Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, pp. 539-576.

Read §11.0 through §11.3 &  §11.7 of Chapter 11 (Unsteady Flow)  for Tuesday's Lecture. On Tuesday we will get through the Saint-Venant Equations, Hydraulic Geometry and start talking about Waves.

Read §11.5 and §11.6 of Chapter 11 for Thursday's Lecture. On Thursday, we'll focus on Flood Waves (§11.5) and their routing (§11.6). For Thursday, please also visit the COMET site by UCAR and read the Streamflow Routing learning module and quiz (you will need to register as a user for free).

In this lab we want to build proficiency in the development and application of a 2D hydraulic model spanning inception of study, the collection of field data, the construction of the model (not the code), running the model, and finally the evaluation and interpretation of the results. We will take two or three weeks to get through all these steps.

Please read Valle & Pasternack (2006) for discussion on Thursday:

• Valle B and Pasternack G. 2006. Submerged and unsubmerged natural hydraulic jumps in a bedrock step-pool mountain channel. Geomorphology. 82(1-2): 146-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.09.024.

What you Should Read

Read all of Chapter 10 for Tuesday's Lecture. Chapter 10 covers Rapidly Varied Steady Flow. On Tuesday we will cover §10.1 and §10.2, and save §10.3 and §10.4 for Thursday. However, because we will also be discussing a paper on Thursday, I would like you to read the whole chapter for Tuesday.

For Thursday, March 3rd's lab, we will use HEC-GeoRAS to create the geometry data for a HEC-RAS simulation and then use HEC-GeoRAS to derive an inundation map of the output results in ArcGIS. We will use a tutorial that Noah Finnegan (UC Santa Cruz) put together for the NSF-sponsored New Tools in Process-Based Analysis of Lidar Topographic Data.

This zip filecontains all the GIS data, a tutorial document and excel flow data you need to complete the excercise. Warning, since this lab relies on HEC-GeoRAS, you must work on a machine with ArcGIS 9.3.X installed (no HEC-GeoRAS plugin is available yet for ArcGIS 10). The HEC-RAS portion of the lab can be done on any machine with HEC-RAS 4.1.

The LiDaR comes from a location on the South Fork Eel River in Northern California (see Google Map below for interactive context). You may find yourselves in situations where you have very little good information on the hydraulic boundary conditions you would need to run a HEC-RAS model, and no on the ground topographic data for the long profile and cross sections that HEC-RAS requires as geometric data. If you happen to have airborne LiDaR of the site (a scenario becoming more and more common), you may be able to at least build a rough hydraulic model with HEC-RAS using geometry data derived from the airborne LiDaR and some reasonable assumptions about the hydraulic boundary conditions.  The geometric data will be limited by the fact that traditional NIR wavelength LiDaR does not penetrate the water surface and your DEM will likely not show bathymetry. However, LiDaR is often flown at low flows and the geometry data may be good enough for simulating high flows roughly.  Noah's Tutorial walks you through this scenario and in the process will teach you how to use HEC-Geo-RAS.

Based on your votes (below), please read these papers for Tuesday's Discussion:

• Cook A and Merwade V. 2009. Effect of topographic data, geometric configuration and modeling approach on flood inundation mapping. Journal of Hydrology. 377(1-2): 131-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.015.
• Curtis KE, Renshaw CE, Magilligan FJ and Dade WB. 2010. Temporal and spatial scales of geomorphic adjustments to reduced competency following flow regulation in bedload-dominated systems. Geomorphology. 118(1-2): 105-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.12.012.

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Voting Instructions - (CLOSED)

Please vote today here  for the papers we'll read on Tuesday. I'll summarize the results at the end of today (Friday) and send out the paper.

The choices for the first one (a paper that looks at the sensitivity of HEC-RAS model outputs to different inputs) were:

• Casas A, Benito G, Thorndycraft VR and Rico M. 2006. The topographic data source of digital terrain models as a key element in the accuracy of hydraulic flood modelling. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 31(4): 444-456. DOI: 10.1002/esp.1278.
• Cook A and Merwade V. 2009. Effect of topographic data, geometric configuration and modeling approach on flood inundation mapping. Journal of Hydrology. 377(1-2): 131-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.015.
• Pappenberger F, Beven K, Horritt M and Blazkova S. 2005. Uncertainty in the calibration of effective roughness parameters in HEC-RAS using inundation and downstream level observations. Journal of Hydrology. 302(1-4): 46-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.06.036.

The choices for the second one (a paper that we want to make an assessment of the suitability of their application of HEC-RAS to the questions at hand) were:

• Curtis KE, Renshaw CE, Magilligan FJ and Dade WB. 2010. Temporal and spatial scales of geomorphic adjustments to reduced competency following flow regulation in bedload-dominated systems. Geomorphology. 118(1-2): 105-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.12.012.
• Mouton AM, Schneider M, Depestele J, Goethals PLM and De Pauw N. 2007. Fish habitat modelling as a tool for river management. Ecological Engineering. 29(3): 305-315. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.11.002.  
• Sholtes JS and Doyle MW. 2011. Effect of Channel Restoration on Flood Wave Attenuation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 137(2): 196-208. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000294.

Those of you taking the 3 credit version should turn in a short lab report next Thursday (March 3rd) based on the HEC-RAS lab we just did.

Your reading for next Thursday will be out of the HEC-RAS documentation and should be a review (in terms of principles), but with slightly different notation for the equations. The reading will focus on how these principles are applied in the 1D hydraulic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System), which we will use in lab on Thursday.

To Read

• From the Brunner (2010a) Reference Manual read the following:
• Skim Chapter 1's  'Overview of Hydraulic Capabilities' on pages 1-2 to 1-3 (pp 12-13 in PDF)
  
• Thoroughly digest Chapter 2's ('Theoretical Basis for 1D Flow Calculations') section on 'Steady Flow Water Surface Profiles' on pages 2-2 to 2-21 (pp 18-37 in PDF)
• Skim Quickly Chapter 3's (Basic Data Requirements)  'Geometric Data' Pages 3-2 to 3-23 (pp 68-89 in PDF) & 'Steady Flow Data' on pages 3-23 to 3-25 (pp 89-91 in PDF)
  
• From the Brunner (2010b) User Manual read the following:
• Skim Chapter 3's (Working with HEC-RAS - An Overview) 'Steps in Developing A Hydraulic Model with HEC-RAS' on pages 3-5 to 3-14 (33 xx-43 in PDF)
  

The Documents

• Brunner GW. 2010. HEC-RAS, River Analysis System Hydraulic Reference Manual. CPD-69, US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, CA, 411 pp. Available at: http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/documents/HEC-RAS_4.1_Reference_Manual.pdf.
• Brunner GW. 2010. HEC-RAS river Analysis System User's Manual, Version 4.1. CPD-68, US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, CA, 766 pp. Available at: http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/documents/HEC-RAS_4.1_Users_Manual.pdf.
  
  
  

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Other Resources

• HEC-RAS Documentation
• HEC-RAS 4.1 Software Download
• HEC-GeoRAS 4.2.93 (only works with ArcGIS 9.3... no release yet for ArcGIS 10)
• HEC Training Courses
• HEC-EFM (Ecosystem Functions Model)

Corresponding Lecture Topic

What you Should Read

Read all of Chapter 9 for Tuesday's Lecture .Chapter 9 covers the more interesting case of Gradually Varied Flow, as well as talking about water surface flows that arise from gradually varied flow conditions.

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Corresponding Lecture Topic