Overview of Chapter

Read Chapter 3 (Structure & Properties of Water pp. 94-136) of Dingman (2008). Chapter 3 starts with the atomic and molecular structure of water (§3.1) you would have gotten from a basic introductory chemistry and/or physics course. It then talks a lot about how the unique molecular properties of water influence phase changes between solid ice, liquid water, and gaseous vapor (§3.2). This material you should have learned in a basic physics course, but Dingman does a really nice job of highlighting the relevance of such phase changes to open channel flow in natural channels. This should be particularly interesting to you after observing all the ice-forced hydraulics last Thursday. Dingman (2008) then reviews the physical properties of liquid water (§3.3), which is foundational material that is typically presented in the first chapter of most fluid mechanics textbook. Turbulence is defined in §3.3.4 and then explained in §3.4 in terms of boundary layers, flow states and the dimensionless Reynolds number.

What you should Read

You should minimally skim the entirety of  Chapter 3, and assuming that you recall your introductory physics and chemistry:

• Read §3.2 (Freezing & Melting), with particular focus on §3.2.2.2 (Freezing and Melting of Lakes and Ponds) & §3.2.2.3 (Freezing and Melting of Streams)
• Make sure you are confident in the §3.3 (Properties of Liquid Water) definitions
• Read §3.3.4 (Turbulence) and §3.4 (Flow States, Boundary Layers and the Reynolds Number) very carefully
  
• If you are at all rusty on dimensional analysis and units, make sure you read Appendix A (pp. 514-526; Dimensions, Units and Numerical Precision) very carefully.
  

What we Will Cover in Lecture

In lecture, we will focus on:

• Freezing & Melting of Streams
• A review of the properties of Liquid Water
• Turbulence
  

PLEASE vote on our poll on the forum by Wednesday afternoon to determine what we will cover in the last 15 minutes of lecture.